SCHOLARLY OPINIONS ON MISSED FASTS FOR PREGNANT, BREASTFEEDING AND MENSTRUATING WOMEN
Islamic scholars (ʿUlamāʾ) have discussed extensively the rulings surrounding missed fasts, especially for those with valid excuses such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, menstruation, or illness. From these discussions, three main scholarly opinions have emerged:
THE THREE MAJOR SCHOLARLY VIEWS
- FEEDING ONLY (NO MAKE-UP FASTING)
This view holds that a person only needs to feed the poor and is not required to make up the missed fasts.
This was a position previously held by some scholars. - MAKE-UP FASTING ONLY (NO FEEDING)
This view states that one must only make up the missed fasts, with no obligation to feed the poor.
This is the position of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Al-Aʾimmah Al-Arbaʿah) and is regarded by many scholars as the strongest view based on the available evidences. - FEEDING DURING RAMADAN PLUS MAKING UP THE FASTS LATER
This is a minority opinion. While not the most widely held, it is considered the most cautious approach, as it combines both actions.
HOW SCHOLARS CLASSIFY THESE VIEWS
Among scholars of Fiqh and Uṣūl al-Fiqh, correct opinions are often categorized into two types:
- AL-ARJAHU (THE MOST LIKELY CORRECT VIEW)
This refers to the opinion that appears strongest based on textual evidence and scholarly analysis. - AL-AHWATU (THE MOST CAREFUL VIEW)
This refers to the opinion that takes extra precaution in worship, even if the evidence for it is not the strongest.
Scholars of Uṣūl generally hold that choosing the more careful view is recommended, especially in acts of worship. However, there is absolutely no blame or sin on those who follow the other valid scholarly opinions.
CONCLUSION
With regard to missed fasts due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, menstruation, or similar valid excuses, Islam provides flexibility grounded in mercy and scholarship. Each of these opinions has a legitimate foundation within Islamic jurisprudence. Muslims are encouraged to follow a view they trust, preferably with guidance from knowledgeable scholars, while maintaining respect for the diversity of scholarly thought within Islam.
Details and evidences for each view may require deeper study and extended discussion.
